Karzina, Akriyaš, ZER/Quliyaš, Surginiyaš, Handakiyaš, Munni and Umman-manda; The Challenge of Mesopotamian Texts and Iranian Groups on the Iranian Plateau

According to several inscriptions of Shalmaneser III, the son of Ashurnasirpal II, the beginning of the presence of the Medes and Persians in the west of the Iranian plateau is attributed to the ninth century BC. However, such an absolute interpretation cannot be scientifically valid both for the reasons deduced from the same inscription and following other documents. The fact that Assyrian conquests did not extend very large to the eastern part of their land before Shalmaneser III's that the Assyrian king's vision was a criterion for judging on the one hand, and the existence of older inscriptions with similar content, on the other hand, there are the most important violators of this conception. With the antiquity of the presence of two Iranian populations is mentioned in the region. In this article, first, the problems of Medes and Manneans and the identities of these two populations are analyzed, then the methodology of the mentioned theory concerning the accuracy of reasons for arguing the oldest presence of these two populations in the west of the plateau is examined based on the mentioned inscriptions of Shalmaneser III. In the following, documents are analyzed that show significant citations from previous millennia in this regard. Also in the present article, the content of an inscription by Sargon of Akkad and the study of some specific settlements with features related to the subject of the article is discussed. The current study shows that either the inferential methodology in such issues should be changed or if the same method is the basis of judgment, the content of other texts should be used as a criterion for scientific inference