Rereading the Pattern of Ritual Architecture of the Qajar Period(Case study: Madab Hosseinieh, Pahlavan, Hajonayeb, Dizcheh and Darbbagh, Kashan)

The Qajar period is known as one of the important periods in the history of Iran in terms of giving importance to the construction of religious buildings due to the religious tendencies of the Qajar kings; As a result, the Hosseiniehs enjoyed a special status, Also, the city of Kashan, due to its religious background and the existence of Shieh scholars, was highly regarded by the Qajar kings Which led to the construction of numerous religious sites, including the Hosseiniehs. However, the architectural model of these Hosseiniyehs and also the reliance of the Qajar period as the ritual architectural model of this period has always been questioned. Therefore, achieving the architectural model used in Hosseiniehs of the Qajar period as an example of the religious architecture of this period to remove ambiguities and more importantly to introduce a model consistent with the context and function. In order to improve the quality and culture of the current architecture of Kashan, it is important; Therefore, the purpose of the research is based on achieving the architectural model of the Qajar period Hosseiniehs in Kashan. In this regard, In this regard, 5 Hosseiniyahs of Kashan Qajar period were identified and Based on a descriptive-analytical method with field studies along with the study of ascriptions, documents and historical texts at three levels of macro, medium and micro was analyzed and reread, Finally, by adapting and analyzing the collected information to the questions raised in the research Including the characteristics of the spatial physical pattern of the Hosseiniehs as well as the similarities and differences in this pattern were answered. Despite the slight differences in the input components as well as the number of inputs, dimensions of the dome and extensions, the results of the comparison and adaptation of the analyzes In the case of each example, there is a fixed, distinct and centralized physical spatial pattern in terms of plan, form, spatial organization, facade, materials, space, as well as decorations. Which fully follows the principles of ritual architecture (symmetry, hierarchy, centralism and introversion). As a result, the most characteristic features of the spatial physical pattern of the Hosseiniyehs are Specific geometry and form, easy access, theatrical, sacred and centralized spatial manifestation through spatial organization and the use of special architectural elements such as skylights, domes and applications in a space with an average area of 200 to 350 square meters.