The Basics of Ethnology based on the Ratio of Opinion and Practice in the Two Schools of Mashsha and Sankehiyeh

Among the schools of ancient Greece, Aristotelian thought is the most systematic philosophical school and one of its important features is the special attention to the field of practice. But at the same time, in the Orient, some Indian schools were active with the benefit of various epistemological sources, including the Vedas and the Upanishads. Among these, the Sankehiyeh school seems to be more systematic than other Hindu schools in that it lays down specific metaphysical foundations, especially in the case of Purusha (the intangible soul in pure consciousness) and Prakriti (the primordial matter of the universe). Since practical wisdom in each of these two systems of thought is based on parts of their metaphysical views, the present study takes a historical approach to philosophy and to the background and analysis of philosophical terms widely used by Aristotle and Sankehiyeh. He tries to compare their psychological principles based on the relationship between theoretical wisdom and practical wisdom. The important finding of the research is that the different perceptions of these two schools of the characteristics of the human soul and its relationship with the body are the main reason for distinguishing their goals from the discussion of practical wisdom. Aristotle's intellectual backgrounds are much more complex than those of Capilla; Aristotle's practical wisdom includes the family and society, but the teachings of Sankehiyeh are only concerned with the individual conduct of human beings; "Moderation" is the key concept for understanding Aristotle's practical wisdom but in the Sankhya system.