The Effect of Different Hormonal Treatments on Callus Formation and Bulblet Regeneration from Endosperm Tissue of Persian Shallot Plant

Plant breeding to created ploidy level is one of the most important parts of plant research in every country, where the breeding of native plants is a priority in every country. Spending a long time on breeding plants with traditional methods has made plant breeding research using in vitro techniques to become more important. In this study, to investigate the callus formation from the endosperm tissue of mature shallot seeds in MS culture medium containing growth regulators with the combination of different concentrations of 2-4, D (1.5 and 2 mg/L) and NAA (0.5 and 1 mg/L) L) of auxins and BAP (0.5 and 1 mg/L) and Kin (0.5 and 1 mg/L) of cytokinins were used. The results showed that using the treatment of 1 mg/liter of NAA and 1 mg/liter of BAP was the best treatment for callus formation. In this research, the concentration of sucrose and different concentrations of BAP hormone were effective for onion production. The results of onion diameter showed that the high concentration of sucrose (50 g/L) and the concentration of 3 mg/L of BAP hormone were suitable for the production of larger onions. By chromosomal analysis of the rooted chives, triploid plantlets were obtained at the end of the experiment. Due to the shortness of triploid plant breeding in this method compared to traditional crossing methods, therefore, this method and the best hormonal compounds are recommended for the production of chives in shallots.