Common methods of diagnosing viral diseases and introducing nanobiosensors in the detection of viruses

 Since the beginning of the new millenary, viruses have shown huge epidemiological and pandemic potential: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002, pandemic swine flu in 2009, the West African Ebola outbreak in 2014, and last but not least SARS-COV19 in 2019-2022. Undoubtedly, current sensing tools need to be constantly updated to solve the growing challenges in detecting viruses, as viruses change rapidly, mostly from person to person, so indicating the need for early diagnosis.In this review article, databases on common methods of virus detection and their challenges, as well as the introduction of nanobiosensors and the necessity of using biosensors were performed. Our study showed that biosensors have a great impact on the conversion of common analytical methods into new diagnostic strategies, especially the use of nanoparticles in the identification of protein biomarkers and viruses. Also, the need to implement new and innovative tools to achieve the goal of rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral diseases by nanosensors is one of the requirements in the field of disease diagnosis.