The Effect of the an Air-bubble Screen on Flow Pattern and Secondary Flow Strength and Bed Shear Stress in a 90 Degree Mild Bend

The complex interactions between streameise flow and curvature- induced secondary flow in bends, bed morphology cause erosion near the outer bank, and deposition near the inner bank, that it can endanger the outer bank’s stability and also reduce the navigable width of the rivers. There are several techniques to protect the outer bank, reduce adverse impacts and control bed erosion in bends. Methods used in most parts of the world include submerged groynes, spur dikes, and bandal-like structures. But, meny these Methods have the disadvantage of being fixed constructions on the bed river that caused a threat for navigation. This paper describes a new way that consists in changes the bed morphology with provoking changes in the flow pattern. Dugue, et al. (2011, 2012) studied morph dynamic bends rivers with the Air-bubble screen method. Their results reveal that the air bubble screen is able to modify the flow pattern by shifting the maximum scouring from the outer bank towards the center of the flume and does not endanger its stability anymore. Dugue et al, 2013 studied scour reduction at a 193° bend by an air-bubble screen method. Velocity pattern at 70° bend showed that the bubble-induced flow pattern overcame the secondary flow induced by the outer bank while decreasing the morphology slope. It also showed 50 percent reduction in the maximum scour depth. Shukry (1949) is one of the first researchers in the study of erosion of the outer bank of rivers in a canal with a 180- degree bend with various proportions of the rivers radius to its width. There have been very few investigations about air bubble screen in 90 bend, therefor  in this study the effect of the air bubble screen on flow pattern and Secondary flow strength  and bed shear stress in 90 degree bend under Froude numbers 0.45 is examine.