Significance of Glucose Control for Perioperative and Long-Term Renal Functions after Nephron-sparing Surgery for Renal Cancer in Patients with Diabetes

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive factors for perioperative and long-term renal functions after nephron-sparing surgery (NSS).

The clinical records of 379 patients who underwent NSS for a single renal tumor with a normal contralateral kidney between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. After surgery, the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 7 days and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) 5 years later were assessed using serum creatinine (S-Cr) levels. Perioperative AKI was defined as an increase in the S-Cr level by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or 1.5–1.9 times the baseline value. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreasing from > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Changes in the eGFR were assessed during 5 years after surgery. Among 379 patients, 81 (21.4%) patients presented diabetes mellitus (DM), and 30 (7.92%) experienced uncontrolled DM. The AKI occurrence and CKD progression were observed in 50 (13.2%) patients and 79 (20.8%) patients, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that female gender (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.91, odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, P = 0.029), uncontrolled DM (95% CI: 1.05–6.60, OR = 2.63, P = 0.039), and intermediate NePhRO score (95% CI: 1.07–3.80, OR = 2.02, P = 0.03) were associated with perioperative AKI. In addition, old age (95% CI: 1.10–1.18, OR = 1.14, P < 0.001) and uncontrolled DM (95% CI: 1.84–11.4, OR = 4.57, P = 0.001) were associated with long-term CKD progression.

Uncontrolled DM is the only predictive factor for perioperative and long-term renal functions after nephron-sparing surgery.