The Rhetorical Function of Iltifāt and its Proportion in 'Azaaim Surahs (i.e., As-Sajdah, Fuṣṣilat, An-Najm, Al-Alaq)

With regard to its rhetorical function, iltifāt as a literary device always seeks to understand the prominent and hidden concepts and meanings of the Qurʾān in order to find a solid connection between the meanings of the ayahs of each surah. In addition to many common points, including intentions, repetition of ayahs and syntactic structure, 'Azaaim surahs also contain remarkable iltifāt-related proportionality. Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical study, while taking a quick look at the theoretical topics about iltifāt, the purposes of each surah and the types of iltifāt, including numerical, pronominal, and syntactical, were discussed, and their main relationship with the vertical axis of the surahs was also considered, and finally, the following results were found: numerical and pronominal iltifāt were the only types repeated regularly in these surahs. In addition,  the instances of iltifāt used in these surahs are coordinated and proportional to each other in terms of type, number and purpose, to the point that the numerical and pronominal iltifāt have uniform frequencies with four common purposes of bowing to the dignity of God and showing power, humiliating and reprimanding the disbelievers, threatening and intimidatating them, and sympathy with the Holy Prophet (PBUH) have been repeated.