Performance assessment of Mesh Less method in simulating water inflow into tunnel.

This study aimed to provide an applied framework based on Mesh Less and Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm to accomplish the simulation-optimization procedure of water inflow into the tunnel. Also, another purpose was to compare numerical and analytical methods in calculating the water inflow in the Kerman water conveyance tunnel. A simulation-optimization structure was introduced in order to find the optimum hydraulic conductivity. In this plan, the Mesh Less predicted the groundwater level, and the DREAM uncertainty analysis algorithm determined the optimal values of the hydraulic conductivity. The modeling of groundwater level and water inflow was then executed for the steady and unsteady states, and the results were compared with the measured values. The RMSE for comparing the simulated and measured groundwater levels was obtained at 2.573 and 3.481 meters, respectively, for steady and unsteady states. The findings of this study confirmed that the hydrothermal conditions specifically affected the permeability. Also, the NSE value for the north and south tunnels was determined as 0.83 and 0.87, respectively. Finally, it was found that the outcomes of the analytical methods are much lower than the numerical method.