Evalution of phytochemical screening of Rhamnus pallasii parts at different phenological stages

Rhamnus pallasii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. is one of the most important species of the Rhamnaceae family, which have widely distributed in Iran. Various factors such as different harvest period, habitat, and climate affect the content of plant secondary metabolites. In this study, phytochemical screening in different morphological parts (fruit, leaf, bark and root) investigated in April, May, July, August and October based on different climatic and phenological conditions. Different parts extracted with water-methanol (80%). The content of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds of extracts was determined by spectrophotometry method and the antioxidant diphenyl pykryl hydrazyl (DPPH) test was used. The results are significant at the level of 0/05. Methanolic extract of fruit collected in October showed the largest content of total phenolics (583.66 ± 1.02 µg GAE/g DE), anthocyanin (9.06 ± 0.019 mg /l) and phenolic acid (53.87 ± 1.52 µg CAE/g). Also, the highest total flavonoid content was found in methanol extract of leaves in April (514.48±1.77µg QE/g). The fruits exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 7.52±0.24 µg/ml in October, followed by leaves (8.18±0.29 µg/ml in March), roots (13.50±0.29 µg/ml in March) and barks (14.79±0.37 µg/ml in May). As a result, there is seasonal variation in both the quality and quantity of phenolic compound in different parts of Rhamnus. The phenolic-rich extracts in this study can be effectively used for both research and industrial applications.