The Effect of Global Warming on Distribution Pattern and Emerging of Plant Pathogens

Global warming is an important phenomenon with many effects on the environment, which is associated with an increase in greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and other gases. Accumulation of greenhouse gases, increase or decrease in temperature, and change in rainfall all affect the distribution of plant pathogens and the incidence of disease. On the other hand, by affecting the carriers of pathogens, climate change can cause them to disperse in a wide area or cause pathogens to enter new areas. On the other hand, the effect of global warming on plants is different and diverse depending on the plant species and its pathogens and according to different environmental conditions. These effects can be harmful, positive or neutral. However, according to the pathogenicity triangle, one of the central mainstays of the disease rate is environmental conditions; therefore, plant diseases are strongly affected by the environment; if a sensitive host is placed in unfavorable conditions, it will not be infected by an invasive pathogen. Based on the conducted research, temperature changes in the environment cause the emergence of new diseases and the spread or limitation of diseases. This article discusses the essential effects of global warming on the occurrence and spread of plant diseases in new areas.