Types and Methods of Using Satire in Articles Written by Parviz Natel Khanlari

Satire is one of the literary genres used in poetry and prose. The difference between satire and low humour is that the purpose of the latter is simply jest and amusement, but behind the laughter created by satire, there is bitterness and sadness, which are caused by the problems of society. Although satire makes the audience laugh at first, it seeks to subtly expose individual and social flaws, so that the people or the social classes concerned try to overcome their defects. Satire has been popular in Persian literature for a long time and this genre is also used by many people in the contemporary period. Among those who were able to use this method in their articles in the contemporary period was Parviz Natel Khanlari. Khanlari was a poet, writer, translator, researcher, university professor, founder of Sokhan magazine, founder and director of Iran's Culture Foundation, and Iran's Minister of Culture, all of which connected him to society in some way. One of the ways he chose to reform society was to use satire in his articles. In this article, we have shown that Khanlari's satire can be divided into two categories: political and social. Each of these categories has its general and specific audiences. In another classification, we have examined Khanlari's satire in two formats: in the form of "sentence" and in the form of "word". We have also demonstrated that another method by which Khanlari applies satire is using "humorous allegories".