The effect of the linear method on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy calculation in the time domain under the noise condition

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool for determining the behavior of electrochemical systems. Despite being costly and time-consuming, the time-domain impedance calculation of electrochemical systems is advantageous. However, this method exhibits a high error rate under noise conditions. In this study, the linear technique is developed to minimize noise effects when calculating the impedance of electrochemical systems in the time domain. Multiple equivalent circuit samples are simulated, and the linear technique versus the standard fast Fourier transform method for a noisy input is compared. The results indicate that its error rate is considerably less than that of the fast Fourier transform. The error rate in the Li-ion battery equivalent circuit was reduced from 273.5446 using the fast Fourier transform to 0.0049 using the linear method. Notably, this reduction is significant and on the order of . Additionally, the decline in the real and imaginary parts of mean relative error is in the order of 10. It is concluded that the linear method results in less error in the presence of noise and is faster than traditional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency domain. Thus, the linear method outperforms the fast Fourier transform method in time-domain electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.