Representation of Social Agents in the Satire Discourse of Ahmad Shamloo Based on Van Leeuwen Pattern

Satire is a kind of literary discourse or sub-discourse because it uses a specific language for the purpose of criticism, protest, and indulgence. Critical discourse analysis is a trend in the field of discourse analysis in linguistic studies that deals with the relationship between language, power, and ideology in society. One of the famous models in discourse analysis is Van Leeuwen's sociological-semantic model in which the analysis of texts is promoted from a descriptive level to an explanatory and justification level and also the relationship between society, culture, power, ideology, etc. is represented in Satire discourse in poems. Shamloo is seen in the field of social, political, and philosophical issues and analyzes his work from the perspective of a worthy Van Leeuwen's model. From the perspective of Van Leeuwen model of critical discourse analysis, this article follows Satire in Shamloo's poetry to determine how Shamloo portrays social agents and, given the critical function of Satire, how to produce and represent discourses with sociological-semantic components. The components of critical discourse analysis in Van Leeuwen's model are based on two elements of explicitness and obscurity, which themselves have different linguistic subsets. According to the results of this research, Shamloo has used the hidden components in the discourse of Satire in his poems more. He conceals the identities of activists related to power, domination, deceived people and traitors, and at the same time emphasizes the activities of freedom fighters and fighters at the same time as activism and direct reporting. Contradictions in linguistic, emotional, and thought contexts are among the characteristics of Satire discourse in poetry.