Investigation of Sea Surface Temperature Changes in the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf Using Satellite Images and Its Comparison with the Caspian Sea Trend

Water surface temperature in open seas and lakes is known as one of the indicators for measuring oceanographic and meteorological characteristics. In the present study, the data from the AVHRR sensor (1989-2019) have been used to analyze the temporal and spatial changes in water surface temperature of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Average (monthly), seasonal, and annual temperatures were obtained from daily data in ArcGIS 10.8 software. Then, the trend of water temperature changes in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea compared to the Caspian Sea was investigated. The results of the water surface temperature data analysis showed that the water temperature in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea decreased in the northern part of the Persian Gulf in the spring, but in the summer, the temperature decreased in the central part of the Caspian Sea. In autumn and winter, the temperature drop is affected by the latitude. While the southern parts of the Caspian Sea, especially the southeast, are the hottest areas, the Middle Caspian has a lower temperature than the rest of the regions. In the spring season, the temperature decreased in the Middle Caspian, and an increase in temperature was observed towards the upper and lower latitudes. While in the autumn season, a decrease in the water surface temperature was observed in the Persian Gulf and in the winter, in the Oman Sea. The monthly temperature trends for the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea are increasing for 12 months. In the Caspian Sea, the trend of temperature changes in January and December was decreasing and increasing in the rest of the months.