Analysis of climate change adaptation laws in developing countries

Climate change has a wide range and affects various sectors such as agriculture, water, environment, etc. Climate change regulation is one of the international efforts to deal with this phenomenon. In this research, climate change adaptation laws in developing countries have been analyzed on two qualitative and quantitative levels. First, the laws are classified based on socio-ecological systems in the form of resource, actors, and governance systems. Then, based on these systems and their subsystems, the time and spatial trends of the laws are analyzed. Time analysis shows that climate change adaptation laws have been passed in developing countries from 1964 to 2021. The spatial analysis also indicates that Asia has the most laws in this field. In addition, the number of laws mentioned in the resource system is more than the other two systems, and this system has been considered in laws earlier than the others. In the next step, it is shown that water, transportation, and wide-economy subsystems have been mentioned more than other subsystems in each of the systems, and water and Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) subsystems, in the resource system, transportation and building in the actor system and social development in the governance system have been considered in the laws before the other subsystems. Finally, it was found that the passage of time and the increase in awareness about climate change have led to the expansion and comprehensiveness of the intended goals in the adaptation laws, and the climate change laws reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.