Effect of periodontal treatment on the negative acute phase proteins in patients with periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory-infectious disease of tooth-supporting structures that results in the progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone due to an imbalance between the host defense and microorganisms. Subgingival microbiota has a significant role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis, affecting the innate and acquired immune responses by the infiltration of immune cells such as monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells that are abundant under inflammatory conditions. The immune cells induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines that lead to the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and the alveolar bone. Cytokines activate hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins as a component of the nonspecific response. These proteins are a group of proteins that increase (positive type) and decrease (negative type) under inflammatory conditions. This response is called the acute phase response (APR) that occurs after the initiation of a systemic inflammatory reaction. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy is the first stage of treatment for periodontitis. Its aim is to eliminate etiologic agents and decrease inflammation. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the effect of periodontitis as an inflammatory condition and its treatment on the concentrations of negative acute phase proteins.