Effect of chronic toxicity of diazinon insecticide on growth, survival and physiological activities of Urmia Lake Artemia (Artemia urmiana)

This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of diazinon insecticide chronic toxicity as one of the most widely used poisons used in agricultural lands and gardens around Lake Urmia on growth, survival, antioxidant and digestive enzyme activity indices of Artemia urmiana. First, the LC50 of diazinon insecticide for different age stages, including nauplii, post larvae and adults, were measured at 24, 48 and 96 hours using the probit analysis. The LC50 of diazinon for nauplii 23.769, 0.992, 0.008, post larvae 2.231, 0.015, 0.002 and adults 0.919, 0.038, 0.007 (mg/l) were obtained. To investigate the effect of chronic toxicity of diazinon, A. urmiana was cultured in the form of 4 treatments, control, 25% LC50, 50% LC50 and 100% LC50 for 15 days. The growth and survival indices were measured on days 8, 11 and 15, and the activity of antioxidant and digestive enzymes of the biomass were measured at the end of the period. The highest amount of growth and survival was observed in the control treatment and the lowest in the 100% LC50 treatment (P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase decreased in 25% LC50 and 50% LC50 treatments (P<0.05). The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes also decreased in the 25% LC50 and 50% LC50 treatments compared to the 100% LC50 treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between different treatments in the activity of alkaline protease and lipase enzymes (P<0.05). Alpha-amylase enzyme activity decreased with increasing diazinon concentration (P>0.05). In general, it can be concluded that diazinon reduces growth and survival in A. urmiana and has negative effects on enzyme activities. According to the results of the present research, in order to preserve this species, the use of diazinon insecticide in the areas around Lake Urmia should be controlled.