Pricing of different modes of transportation in selected areas of Isfahan based on the principles of sustainable transportation

The ever-increasing population has caused an increase in the demand for transportation in cities and congestion in transportation systems and traffic on the streets. This congestion has significant negative consequences such as increasing environmental pollution, serious damage to the physical and mental health of citizens, waste of time, and a significant amount of fuel waste. Pricing policies as one of the demand management policies are among the solutions that can be used to reduce the external costs caused by the use of motor vehicles. The present study tries to determine the external costs of using urban transportation modes and the equilibrium price for each mode using pricing tools. To determine the equilibrium price, the concept of equilibrium between supply and demand curves has been used. The demand chart is obtained by using the results of the preference questionnaire and modeling and the supply chart is obtained based on social costs (travel time, air pollution, noise pollution, accidents, traffic services, facilities, garbage collection from the network, and consumption of non-renewable resources). The results of the research showed that the equilibrium toll for each hour of presence in the central area during peak hours (morning) is equal to 3408 Tomans; At this toll level, 38% of people refuse to travel by car and use alternative modes (public and non-motorized). The equilibrium price for taxis, buses, and subways is equal to 2797, 2065, and 2921 Tomans respectively; At these price levels, more than half of people continue to use the mentioned modes and the rest use non-motorized modes.