The evolution of the historical geography of Amol from the beginning of Islam to the end of the Qajar era, relying on archaeological evidence and written historical sources

Amol is one of the old and important cities of Tabaristan from pre-Islamic to the present day, which has played a key role in the political, economic and cultural relations of northern Iran due to its location and communication roads and geographical location. Although written sources provide valuable information about the city, many questions remain about the impact of historical and political events on development and changes in different periods. In response to these questions, the authors decided to use written sources to determine and analyze the process of its formation and developments. The subject of this study is the historical geography of Amol from the beginning of Islam to the end of the Qajar period. The aim of this study was to identify and investigate the developments through reviewing the recorded texts of historians and tourists. The main question raised is what are the influential events after the arrival of Islam in Amol and what parts of the written historical geography include. The present article has documents, documents and texts from the beginning of Islam to the end of the Qajar era. The research method of this paper is historical-descriptive-comparative. One of the most important results obtained is the arrival of Islam in 30 AH, ups and downs to the Mongol and Timur attacks, the geographical and religious importance in the Safavid period, the center of trade and construction of war equipment in the Afshariyeh and Zandieh periods and the special place in the Qajar period.