Investigating the mutual relations between the city and the village and its effects on the sustainable development of tourism in the villages of Esfarayen county

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction between city and village and its effects on sustainable tourism development in the villages of Esfarayen.The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method.The statistical population of the study consists of the villagers of Esfarayen. According to the 2016 census, Esfarayen city had a population of 120513 people equal to 36519 households. Using Cochran's formula and with a 95% error coefficient, 382 people were selected as the sample size.One-sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the research findings.The results of one-sample t-test showed that the effects of urban-rural relations on the economic index with an average of 3.134, social index with an average of 3.170 and physical index with an average of 3.144 are positive and desirable and only on the biological index.An environment with an average of 2.894 is negative and undesirable.Also,the results of multivariate regression showed that the relations between urban and rural areas had the greatest impact on the economic dimension with a beta coefficient of 0.398 and the physical dimension with a beta coefficient of 0.322; And had the least effect with a beta coefficient of 0.154,on the environmental dimension and then on the social dimension with a beta coefficient of 0.265.The general results of the study indicate the fact that increasing communication between urban and rural areas leads to sustainable rural development and prevents the depopulation of villages.