Spatial Organization Analysis of The Historical and Contemporary Houses in Mashhad by Using the Space Syntax Method

Houses have undergone many changes since the distant past and, different factors have always influenced their structure. Up to a recent century, housing developments have often taken the form of multi-family life, the evolution of which can be seen in the Qajar period. In recent decades, with the development of facilities, lifestyle changes, population growth, land shortages, etc., the spatial structure of housing has also changed. This study aims to analyze the spatial organization of historical and contemporary houses in Mashhad. The main question of the research is what changes have taken place in the spatial configuration of Mashhad houses? And how have these developments adapted to individuals' living conditions? This research uses a sequential exploratory strategy, that in the first step, The qualitative approach in a descriptive-analytical method and data collection has been done by documentary-library studies and field research completion. Then the quantitative approach with the space syntax, an analysis tool is that examines topological relations in spatial structures and analyzes the interrelationships of spatial organization and social activities. Calculations and analyzes using Convex Space Map, Isovist, and Visibility Graph techniques have been performed in UCLDepthmap and Agraph. The research results indicate changes in the spatial organization, type of spaces, and diversity of human activities in the spatial configuration houses. Despite the changes in the topological structure of residential in Mashhad, in each period, a suitable solution has been presented to create a hierarchy of access, optimal performance of spaces, and privacy, following the living conditions of individuals.