Comparative study of Tense and Aspect and mood in Persian and Arabic

Modality as a semantic category expresses the method that the speaker chooses to express his position in a specific context. In this regard, some verbs and modal elements create this modal system. The research of traditional grammarians about the verb and its components was mainly focused on structural elements. Therefore, on the one hand, they neglected to examine the temporal aspect of the verb, and on the other hand, they failed to distinguish the relationship between the structural meaning and the meaning based on the context in categories such as mood, tense, and aspect. Therefore, the verb and tense of the verb were studied with a modularity approach without referring to the context of the verb and its form, which prompted the authors to study the mood, tense, and aspect based on a non-modularity approach. Using the theoretical and applied research of aspect, tense, and mood based on a descriptive and applied analytical approach in Arabic and Persian languages, this article tries to show the patterns of representation of the aforementioned categories in the two languages based on selected examples from contemporary texts. The results of the research showed that the two languages share indicative and subjunctive moods, aspects, and tenses based on structure. Nevertheless, the semantic heterogeneity caused by the grammatical and contextual indicators in the text is considerable. Therefore, according to the relationship of each of the above-mentioned elements with each other and the current system, and to avoid confusion between concepts like before, a practical approach has been applied and studied.