Estimate of Callus Induction and Regeneration via Immature Embryo Culture to in vitro in Durum Wheat

Durum wheat is known as the eighth agricultural product in the world and is used for spaghetti and pasta. In many studies, in vitro cultivation methods have been used a lot to shorten breeding periods. The use of different explants in the production of wheat embryo callus is known as the best explant in the production of callus. Plant regeneration from callus is also a complex morphogenetic phenomenon that can be affected by various internal and external factors.

An experiment was conducted to study callus induction and regeneration of immature embryos with 11 genotypes of durum wheat. In the callus induction stage, two characteristics, callus induction, and callus growth rate based on the completely randomized design with five replications were measured. Callus derived from an immature embryo was conducted in MS medium containing BAP (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/l) using an 11*3 factorial experiment based on the completely randomized design with three replications.

Statistical analysis results in the callus induction stage showed a significant difference in the percentage of callus induction and callus growth rate among genotypes. Mean comparison results indicated that in the callus growth rate of genotypes, respectively Stj3//Bcr/lks4 and Quadalete//Erp/mol/3/unk/4/Mrb3/Mnal, had the fastest growth rate and at percentage callus induction genotype 25-25-1-5 showed the highest induction. In the regeneration phase with different concentrations of BAP growth regulator, genotypes 409 and Stj3//Bcr/lks4 showed the highest regeneration. Therefore, based on the results obtained in this study, Genotype Stj3//Bcr/lks4 was introduced as the best genotype among others due to giving the highest callus induction and regeneration.

Therefore, according to the availability of wheat embryos, it can be considered a suitable source in tissue culture through independent factors, which are located in the nucleus or cytoplasm. According to the results, it could be stated that the success in tissue culture is influenced by various factors such as genotype, type of micro sample, and concentration of growth regulators, which differs from one cultivar to another.