The Polyphonic Narrative in the Novel "dafatar alwarraq" by Jalal Barjas

The polyphonic novel is the novel in which we find the disappearance of the narrator in favor of the characters who undertake the process of narration and discourse on their own and express themselves and their thoughts and moods freely, and this is what critics expressed in the polyphonic narrative. We encounter the polyphonic narrative in the novels of modern and postmodern literature, as a departure from the traditional novel and its multiplicity of voices at different levels. The phenomenon of polyphony within the new novel is one of the most important features of the polyphonic novel, as the polyphonic and linguistic polyphony is one of the most important concepts that the Russian theorist, "Mikhail Bakhtin" searched for. There is no doubt that the Polyphonic text is considered a new type of literary text and it is of paramount importance in forming languages ​​and voices of opposition with different cultural and social affiliations and in making the novel a play in which the novelistic characters interact. On this basis, this research aims to study the polyphonic narration in the novel “Dafir al-Warraq” by the Jordanian novelist “Jalal Barjas” in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory and given that this novel celebrates polyphony. The narrative text, and since the subject deserves to be explored and focused on from multiple aspects, the research tried to delve deeper into this novel through its polyphonic features. Concluding that the novelistic text of Jalal Barjas opens up to the multiplicity of personalities, the mu