Encouragement and Punishment Patterns from the Perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah with an Emphasis on the Second Seven Years (Childhood) of Education and Upbringing

Encouragement and punishment are two important methods in human education and upbringing, especially in the development of personality and normative behavioral patterns. This is because human nature tends to perform tasks better when encouraged, while feeling demotivated and disheartened when subjected to discipline, admonishment, or negligence, leading to a sense of humiliation and weakness, thereby inhibiting the optimal utilization of their talents. Therefore, this research aims to design a model of encouragement and punishment from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah. The descriptive-survey method is employed, utilizing library resources and seeking the opinions of experts in educational matters through the Delphi method, based on content analysis. The findings can be summarized as follows: According to experts and specialists in educational matters, verbal encouragement patterns hold the highest rank, while non-physical punishment patterns have the highest rank in improving educational and upbringing conditions.