The duality of social hope and despair in the twelfth government Examining the factors, background and consequences

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the duality of social hope and despair. The present research method is qualitative based on grounded theory. Sampling was done theoretically and face-to-face, in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 20 experts, including experts and university professors with relevant research experience. The results showed that the core categories of social hope in Iran include "the possibility of dynamism and transformation, predicting suitable opportunities in the future, imagining a better, more secure future, and a positive response to a bright future". The main categories of social despair in Iran include "social dissatisfaction, tense social environment, social alienation". The causal conditions of social hope include "dynamism and progress, reproduction of motivation, sense of efficacy and control over the environment". The causal factors of social despair include "feeling of danger and There is a risky society, the media and content are all disappointing, a negative evaluation of the future, exhaustion". The background conditions of social hope are "hope for adaptation in a bright future, social dynamism and vitality, fulfillment of basic needs" and the background conditions of social despair include "fear of a vague and unpredictable future. Perceived day-to-day discrimination is "social issues". Intervening conditions include "the dignity and honor of citizens, aspirational capacity of the society" and the intervening conditions of social despair include "not having a clear horizon for tomorrow, weakening of systemic legitimacy, disruption in the vital functions of society". The consequences of social hope are "social health, social stability, vitality" and the consequences of social hopelessness were obtained in the order of "future fear, reproduction of acute social issues, confrontation of need and deprivation, prevalence of collectivism approach, confrontation of need and deprivation, collectivism". Finally, the strategy of increasing social hope in Iran including "intensifying positive emotions, increasing social trust, participation and social interactions, providing the possibility of social mobility and increasing social support" was proposed.