Exploring moral reasoning in Imam Ali's discourse

The Commander of the Faithful, Ali (A.S.), along with his moral recommendations and orders, has tried to explain the philosophy of those recommendations and orders in the most beautiful way possible to their audience, and this means that he believed in the rationality of moral orders. In this study, using the analytical and descriptive method, the inference and examination of the moral reasoning in the words of the Amir of the Faithful (PBUH) has been addressed to prove that the Prophet's moral commands are merely expressions of people's feelings and desires or the social contract, but in their moral recommendations, they considered both the advantages and disadvantages of human behavior and the ability to understand those advantages and disadvantages by the audience of those recommendations. Given the fact that some moral rules are focused on the duty of man and some are focused on the results of his/her actions, Imam (a.s.), in explaining his moral orders and recommendations, has considered both duty-based reasoning and outcome-oriented reasoning in the best possible way although, in the wise view of his holiness, a duty-oriented moral order that is not aimed at any goal will never be realized, and all actions are ultimately aimed at a goal and purpose, which is to approach absolute perfection by being adorned with the attributes of perfection and divine beauty.