The effect of using ultrasound pretreatment and pectinase enzyme on the extraction efficiency and antioxidant properties of the polyphenolic extract of sour grape (Vitis viniferia (waste

Today, the extraction and use of biologically active compounds from agricultural and food wastes has received much attention. In the present research, the effect of enzyme treatment, ultrasound and the combined effect of enzyme treatment and ultrasound on the extraction of phenolic compounds of sour grape wastes was done so that 2 pectinase enzymes (Pectinex Ultracolor and Pectinex Yildamesh) at levels of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg and ultrasound (times 10, 25 and 40 minutes) and (sound intensity 30, 60 and 90%) were used. The effect of enzyme treatment, ultrasound and the combined effect of enzyme treatment and ultrasound were investigated. According to the obtained results, the highest extraction efficiency belonged to Yaldemesh enzyme and with increasing sound intensity, the extraction efficiency increased significantly. On the other hand, increasing the extraction time led to an increase in extraction efficiency (p≤0.01). So that the highest extraction efficiency was observed in the sample extracted by Yaldemesh enzyme and under ultrasound at 90% sound intensity for 40 minutes (p≤0.01). According to the obtained results, the highest flavonoid, total phenol and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) belonged to Yaldemesh enzyme, and with increasing sound intensity, antioxidant activity increased significantly (p≤0.01). On the other hand, increasing the extraction time led to a significant increase in antioxidant activity (p≤0.01). The highest antioxidant activity belonged to the sample extracted by Yaldemesh enzyme and subjected to ultrasound at a ultrasound intensity of 90% for 40 minutes and was introduced as the best treatment.