1- The meta-theory of power circuits and women's political participation in Iran and Saudi Arabia

This article examines the political participation of women in the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia (between 2000 and 2020) in the theoretical framework of power circuits and with a comparative approach and with a descriptive-analytical method. The hypothesis of the research is that from the perspective of the meta-theory of the circuits of power, the ruling social forces in the country of Saudi Arabia through the channel of legislative institutions and the determination of rules and regulations, as well as through the mechanism of the current political culture in their society and involved organizations such as parties. In political socialization, they have tried to limit the desire of women to participate more in their societies, but in Iran, with the emphasis of upper-level documents and legal procedures, there is more tolerance towards the expansion of women's participation. The results indicate that women's efforts against the restrictions have led to movements and rules and procedures that have achieved minimum participation for women in these two countries. Of course, women's political participation in Iran has had a different form and has been wider due to more progressive interpretations and ijtihads than in Saudi Arabia.