Investigating how the relationship between Sultan and Faqih power was built in Middle Islamic periods, Safavid era and contemporary Iran

The subject of this article is a comparative study of the relationship between Sultan Faqih in the Middle Islamic and Safavid periods. The main question of the article: How was the relationship between the sultan and the jurist in the construction of power in the Middle Islamic and Safavid periods? The hypothesis of the present article is as follows: the sultan-faqih relationship in the middle Islamic period was based on the oneness of the caliph and the sultan, while in the Safavid period, the dual and simultaneous rule of the sultan and the faqih was witnessed. The results of the research show that the construction of power in the middle period was based on the trinity of caliphate, congregation and obedience, and the caliph, as the most important institution of Islamic society, was the organizer of religious order and political order at the same time. However, in the Safavid period, the construction of power was removed from the unity of the middle period, and the institution of religion, in the form of the leadership of scholars and jurists, played a role in giving legitimacy to the Safavid sultans in parallel with political power, and as an important factor in politics, to consolidate its position in society. Iranian payment; The power of the religious institution was strengthened during the post-Safawi era and finally, in its historical course, it came objectively in the theory of religious authority and religious sovereignty in Iran, and a political system based on the authority of the authority, in which the duality of jurisprudence and monarchy was eliminated, and the guardian of the authority was the most important position. was ruled; Formed. The research method of this article is qualitative and descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected from library resources by the method of sampling.