Mean-standard deviation-conditional value-at-risk portfolio optimization

The use of variance as a risk measure is limited by its non-coherentnature. On the other hand, standard deviation has been demonstrated as acoherent and effective measure of market volatility. This paper suggests theuse of standard deviation in portfolio optimization problems with cardinalityconstraints and short selling, specifically in the mean-conditional value-at riskframework. It is shown that, subject to certain conditions, this approach leadsto lower standard deviation. Empirical results obtained from experiments onthe SP index data set from 2016-2021 using various numbers of stocks andconfidence levels indicate that the proposed model outperforms existing modelsin terms of Sharpe ratios.