Assess Effect of Different Azospirillum Trends on Seed Yield and its Components of Barley (Hordeom vulgare L.)

Fertilizer management is one of the most important factors in successful cultivation of crops affecting yield quality and quantity. Chemical fertilizers have several negative impacts on environment and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, bio fertilizers are recommended in these conditions and growth prompting bacteria uses as a replacement of chemical fertilizers. Organic farming has emerged as an important priority area globally in view of the growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concerns on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Biofertilizers aid plants in accessing the nutrient present in its surroundings. The microbes frequently employed as the biofertilizers include Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Anbaena (nitrogen fixers), Pseudomonas putida, Mycorrhizal fungi, etc. Likewise, phytohormone/auxin-producing bacteria could also be utilized as biofertilizers. Three Azospirillum trends (A. lipoferum, A. brasilense and A. irakiens) were applied in Ahvaz climate condition and nitrogen treatments were applied at rates of 100 and 75%, respectively. This work is aimed at standardizing and validating of Azospirillum trends as an alternative to seed inoculation technique. The effect of soil Azospirillum trends population were ascertained which A. brasilense also adversely affected the soil's physical, chemical, and biological traits and barley yield, probably because high amounts of nitrogen were introduced into the soil by the vinasse, which destabilized its structure. Barley yield increased 24.5% with A.brasilense, 12.7% with A. lipoferum and 8.4% with A. irakiens at 75% and 100% nitrogen than control treatments. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the three Azospirillum species notably influenced the soil properties and therefore the barley yield parameters of the three Azospirillum studied, alone the application of nitrogen originated a positive effect in soil and barley yield parameters.