Effect of Vinasse Application on Germination and Absorption of Some Macro Elements by Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Vinasse, the effluent of ethanol alcohol factories, is one of the water sources that can be used well in agriculture. The management of this resource rich in nutrients is very important and necessary to supply plants with nutrients. Current research investigated the effect of different levels of Vinasse on germination and absorption of nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium by barley. In the present study, an experiment was conducted at two levels of 10% and 25% Vinasse and a control in experimental plots with a randomized complete block design with four replications. Vinasse treatments with irrigation water included the first treatment without the use of Vinasse, the second treatment including 90% water and 10% Vinasse, and the third treatment including 75% irrigation water and 25% Vinasse. The results showed that the increase of Vinasse in the germination stage of the seeds was effective at the level of 1% and caused a decrease in the average daily germination and germination percentage. So that the highest daily germination with an average of 0.90 corresponds to the control treatment, i.e., 100% water, and the lowest daily germination with an average of 0.74 corresponds to the third treatment of 25% Vinasse. The highest and lowest germination percentages were obtained in the control treatment and the 25% Vinasse treatment, respectively 100% and 88%. The amount of absorbed food elements (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in vegetative parts of barley plant was significant compared to the control. Adding Vinasse to the soil increased fodder yield, so that by adding 25% Vinasse, a significant difference was observed with the control, the amount of fodder increased from 5.87 in the control to 9.19 tons per hectare in the 25% Vinasse treatment. Adding Vinasse to the soil caused a significant increase in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed in the vegetative parts of the barley plant at the level of 1%. Adding Vinasse to the soil increased fodder yield and barley grain yield. The results showed that due to the abundance of Vinasse in food, adding it to the soil can be recommended as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of plants such as barley with proper management.