Examining the elements of text coherence in the imagery of the geographical location of cities in Nasser Khosrow's travelogue based on Halliday and Hassan's theory

Coherence means the lexical or structural relations of the text, or in other words, the intra-textual mechanism of the language that helps the author to create and communicate in each sentence or between sentences. In this research, the author is trying to investigate and analyze the travelogue of Nasser Khosrow Qabadiani in a descriptive-analytical way and library tools using Halliday and Hassan's theory of coherence in constructivist linguistics. According to Halliday and Hassan's theory, cohesion is one of the main characteristics of a text that is created by elements in the text, and these elements include three parts: lexical, grammatical, and linking, which play a role in the relationship between sentence components. In this article, the elements and methods of creating coherence in the text of Nasser Khosrow's travelogue have been studied and analyzed. The result of the research indicates that considering that Nasser Khosrow's travelogue contains material in the geographical, economic, social and political fields; It is a coherent, uniform and integrated text, and a number of elements and ways of integrating the text play a very important role in creating its coherence. Also, the elements of cohesion play a great role in its attractiveness, understanding and impact on the reader, which convinces the reader. In this way, prose and prose texts are distinguished from each other based on the language and content and the method of using the elements of coherence, and they are valued and graded in terms of the extent of the use of coherence.