Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN), disease past, present and future

Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN) is an acute and highly transmissible viral disease in fish. So far, this virus has been identified in different species of fish, but this disease is more severe in the Salmonidae family and causes an acute systemic disease with high mortality, especially in fry and juveniles, hence it is an important economic disease in the Salmonidae farming industry. The causative agent of infectious necrosis pancreas is a virus from the Birnaviridae family, the genus Aquabirnavirus (Aquabirnavirus) without an envelope with a thickness of about 65 nm, which has a double-stranded RNA genome, and serologically, they are divided into two groups, A and B. IPNV is a very resistant virus that has little sensitivity to desiccation and UV rays and can survive in a wide range of salinity and temperature. There are a variety of transmission routes for IPNV, adult fish are carriers of the disease after recovery and can transmit the virus vertically (in eggs) and horizontally (through contaminated feces), the disease can also be transmitted through contaminated water, blood-sucking parasites, Contaminated equipment and fish-eating birds are also transported. Considering that a commercial vaccine with high efficiency and effectiveness for this disease has not been developed yet, familiarity with the characteristics of this disease, its transmission and its spread methods can play an effective role in preventing and reducing the incidence and casualties caused by this disease and in reducing economy loses that caused by this global disease could be useful and effective in the fields of aquaculture in the country.