Semantic Formalism and Counter-reading (Case Studies: Ahmad Shamlou's and Yadollah Royaee's Poetry)

Formalism is one of the influential literary schools that rose to prominence in the beginning of the 20th century with Shklovsky's writings. It emphasized the necessity of scientific analysis of artistic and literary works through highlighting the disadvantages of traditional and symbolic criticisms that were prevalent. In this article, authors intend to examine the formalistic manifestations of Ahmad Shamlou's and Yadollah Royaee's poems and provide examples of symbols and signs of the poets' counter-readings in the poem. The findings of this descriptive-analytical research reveal that the artistic beauty of Ahmad Shamlou's and Yadollah Royaee's poetry owes a lot to deviations in their poems. By looking carefully at the poems of these two poets, we can conclude that he strongly believes in the element of beauty and uses all his artistic efforts to draw attention to the concept and meaning and deliver the message to his audience without ignoring the realm of aesthetics.