An Overview of Evolutionary Models and Generations of Incubators in Science and Technology Parks

Startup companies face many risks, crises, challenges and problems, especially in the early years of their work, which in case of lack of adaptability and resilience to the conditions, will sometimes lead to bankruptcy and stop their business activities. Therefore, these small companies need a special attention as well as purposeful and structured support mechanisms, in the early years, in order to continue their working life-cycle. In this regard, incubators are known as one of the most important and fundamental elements that provide the necessary infrastructure for the activation of start-up businesses. The main purpose of this study was to review the history of Science and Technology Parks in the world, incubators, their components and the types of facilities, equipment and services that are provided to the SMEs through these centers. Also, the evolutionary models and generations of incubation were discussed as well. Finally, the role of universities as effective supporters for young creative people was discussed and providing new courses regarding entrepreneurship and business based on the market-need, establishing academic incubators at universities and improving practical skills to empower the students were recommended. Also, reviewing and identification of successful incubators worldwide will be an effective action for simulation, developing indigenous models and improve methods of supporting entrepreneurs in the country.