Cognitive Complications of Type 1 Diabetes: A Narrative Review Study

Background and Objectives Type 1 diabetes (T1D), which is generally known as insulin-dependent diabetes,is caused by insulin deficiency due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells of the immune systemand usually occurs in the early stages of life.The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive disorderscaused by type 1 diabetes.Subjects and Methods In this review study, the studies on functional and cognitive complications of T1Dwere searched in Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords type 1 diabetes, cognitivefunction, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, physical activity, nutrition, and glycemic control.Results The findings indicated the possibility of cognitive complications in people with T1D in all ages,and the severity and risk of these complications are related to aging and the presence of diabetic complicationssuch as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in the long term.Conclusion It is recommended to use cognitive-behavioral interventions, improve nutrition and physicalactivity, and use blood sugar monitoring and control, along with drug treatment, to prevent or improvecognitive complications in T1D patients.