Civil liability of Legal Entities Involved in Forestry Projects with a Look at Sustainable Development in International Documents

In order to protect and exploit their natural resources, countries are enacting laws and regulations at the national level in the laws of Iran since 1338 for the protection and protection of forests to the organization of forests and pastures, which is in charge of the protection and protection of these The mission is to prepare and formulate forestry plans in line with the law and its implementation. In this respect, in line with the implementation of the regulations regarding the plans, considering that since 2016, the plan to replace the forest in order to protect and protect the forests and Indiscriminate exploitation was applied, as a result of the actions of legal entities involved in the projects, damages may be caused to natural resources.

The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.

Ethical Considerations: 

In this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been respected.

In the legal system of Iran, the Law on Protection and Exploitation of Forests has addressed its legal issues. In the meantime, sustainable development regulations have been able to bring about changes in the protection of forests. There are many international documents regarding the protection of forests. Among these documents is the Basel Convention, which deals with hazardous and toxic wastes. Considering that commercial companies are legal entities whose activities may be related to the forest; therefore, their responsibility is important from a social and civil perspective. Based on this, the social responsibility of companies includes the accountability of company managers, the transparency of companies' information and the commitment to protect the environment in contracts. Also, regarding civil responsibility, environmental responsibility, whether it is based on the system of responsibility in public law or follows the rules of responsibility in private law, without the existence of a causal relationship between professional activities and the occurrence of damage, it cannot be realized. Protection of forests has always been considered in international environmental documents. The most important documents in this field are sustainable development documents, which today can be referred to as the 2030 document in this field.

One of the most basic and fundamental rights of every human being is to have a healthy environment and clean air. Meanwhile, the issue of forest is important as an important part of the environment. In Iran's legal system, in the Law on Protection and Exploitation of Forests and Ranges approved by the National Assembly of 1346, with the latest amendments until 2016, the nature of the forest has been stated and its legal issues have been stated. These regulations have been able to define the range of the forest to some extent and separate it from other similar cases. In the meantime, sustainable development regulations have been able to bring about changes in the protection of forests. The normative basis of the right to development is mainly based on UN resolutions, especially the Declaration of the Right to Development. The right to development is among the third generation human rights and in fact, the third generation human rights are based on the solidarity of more and more people and governments.