the application of thermal remote sensing and GIS in the assessment of the spatial distribution of land surface temperature in urban environments (The case of study of Tabriz city)

With the development of urbanization and excessive interference of humans in the environment, large amounts of agricultural and forest areas have been replaced by houses, industrial areas, and other infrastructures. One of the negative effects of industrialization is the sharp increase in the temperature of cities and the creation of temperature differences between urban areas and the surrounding areas, which is known as the heat island. The main goal of this research is to estimate the temperature of the earth''s surface and investigate the effects of urbanization on the temperature of the earth''s surface in the city of Tabriz. For this purpose, satellite data and remote sensing because of their wide coverage; are Used. In this method, the temperature of the earth''s surface has been calculated using the information of a thermal band (Landsat 8 satellite) and after conforming to the land use map, the temperature of different uses of Tabriz city has been estimated. The results of the research show that there is a direct relationship between the spatial-temporal changes in the cities (including the change in land use and the reduction of vegetation mass) in the city of Tabriz and the increase in the temperature of the earth''s surface, and satellite images (remote sensing) are a very suitable tool for evaluating heat and temperature. They are the surface of the earth.