Alizarin Red S Dye Removal from Synthetic Effluent Solution Using Untreated Typha Grass Adsorbent

The adsorption of an anionic dye (ARS) on raw typha grass (RAW-TG) was studied using an equilibrium batch approach. To test their impact on the ARS removal, the operational parameters of contact time (15 minutes), starting dye concentration (120 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.02 g), and pH (8) were tuned. Among the physical properties that were looked at were the RAW-TG's bulk density (0.397 g/cm3), pore volume (1.253 cm3), and moisture content (17.80 %). To better characterize the adsorbent, it was further studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and point of zero charges (PZC) techniques. To numerically model equilibrium data, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubining Radushkevich (D-R) models were utilized. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Intraparticle diffusion models were used to calculate the adsorption kinetics. Using the Van't Hoff plot, the thermodynamic parameters affecting the adsorption process were calculated. The data were presented most effectively by a pseudo-second-order model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.511 mg/g, and Freundlich's interpretation of the adsorption isotherm was significantly more favorable than that of the other models examined. According to the thermodynamic characteristics, the process was viable and spontaneous, with adsorption values of ΔG (-6.737 to -8.271 kJ/mol), ΔH (16.616 kJ/mol), and ΔS (16.616 J/molK, respectively. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that RAW-TG is an efficient, reasonably priced, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of ARS dye from aqueous solutions.