The position of the realism approach in the interaction of the International Court of Justice with c. A. Iran; A case study of Iran passenger flight 655

Dealing with international lawsuits and cases, especially in situations that lead to the death of civilians, is one of the unjustified actions in peace and even war. One of these cases was the US military action against the Iranian passenger plane Airbus Flight 655 on July 3, 1998, which resulted in the death of 290 passengers of this plane inside the territory of Iran. Considering the depth of the incident and its political-legal consequences for the two countries, the case of handling it with the complaint of J. A. Iran was referred to the International Court of Justice, and its legal aspects will be discussed in this research. The research question is, what approach has the court used in dealing with this issue, and was this approach able to fully satisfy the rights of the injured country? The result of the article shows that the Court has used the approach of formalism instead of realism, which leads to ignoring the rights of the injured country and not identifying the aggressor, ignoring the principles and conventions related to the air rights of countries. In the international arena, the violation of Iran's territorial sovereignty has been ignored and political consideration has prevailed over legal consideration. In the end, due to the fact that the court did not deal with the content when the complaint was filed and the concern of increasing political tension between the two countries, on the other hand, the case was declared closed without the court issuing a decision, and Iran only received The US agreed to pay compensation to Iran-Air, which indicates some domestic political considerations in addition to the court's formal procedure. In this article, descriptive and analytical methods were used to investigate the issue.