Presenting strategies to reduce the physical vulnerability of Kermanshah due to earthquakes

Earthquake is one of the most destructive and unpredictable natural disasters that many countries of the world, including Iran, are facing due to the special geological conditions in most of the population centers and among the seismic areas of the Iranian Plateau, the Chin-Fault Belt. Zagros, on which the city of Kermanshah is located, is one of the youngest and most active zones exposed to large-scale earthquakes. The city of Kermanshah is one of the largest cities in the west of the country and is of great importance in terms of population, economy, society, and politics, but due to the inappropriate physical conditions of the city, in the event of an earthquake, it will suffer irreparable losses and damages and will be in a critical situation. took Therefore, in order to reduce the harmful effects of earthquakes, it is necessary to improve urban planning standards and achieve sustainable development in this city, and in this regard, the main goal of this research is to provide models for reducing the vulnerability caused by earthquakes using the sciences of geography and urban planning and The use of urban crisis management is to provide strategies and operational plans in order to reduce the vulnerability of Kermanshah due to earthquakes. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. The required information was collected based on field observations, questionnaires, library and documentary studies, and data analysis, maps, and satellite images. Analyzing information using AHP hierarchical analysis model and Expert choice software, and in the stage related to data entry, storage, processing and analysis, ARC GIS software was used in this research, the two main criteria of city physical stability and efficiency City relief in times of crisis, as well as 11 sub-criteria of land area, building occupancy level, type of materials, age of building, number of floors, type of structure, distance from hazardous centers, population density, distance from relief centers, access to open space and width of road Preparation of models and presentation of strategies and operational plans in order to reduce the vulnerability caused by earthquakes in four areas of very high, high, medium and low vulnerability have been examined and then scored, the models obtained from the research results show that According to the physical stability criterion, 69.31% of the buildings in the city are in the very high and high vulnerability zone, and according to this criterion, urban area 3 is the most vulnerable area. Also, according to the criterion of the efficiency of relief during the crisis, 65.13% of the city's buildings are in a zone of very high and high vulnerability, and according to this criterion, region 5 is the most vulnerable urban region. In terms of overall vulnerability, 23.78% of the city's buildings are in the very high vulnerability zone and 34.097% are in the high vulnerability zone. In this sense, areas 3, 7, and 4 are the most vulnerable areas of Kermanshah, respectively.
In most of the previous similar studies to check the level of vulnerability of vulnerability maps based on the area or the number of vulnerable buildings in the vulnerability zone, it is considered too high, which cannot be an accurate measure to determine the level of real vulnerability. For this purpose, in this study, in order to solve this defect, the effects of different degrees of vulnerability, including very high, high, medium, and low, have been considered for each of the sub-criteria. In order to achieve this purpose, the opinions of qualified people and experts determine the degree of importance of the effect of degrees of vulnerability in very high, high, medium, and low categories. After applying the weight of the options in terms of vulnerability, zoning maps, and tables of the vulnerability score of the areas in each of the sub-criteria, the main criteria and the overall vulnerability score of the city have been determined. Tables and maps in the criterion of physical stability, the importance of the priority of attention in the order of regions 3, 7, 5, 2, 4, 1, 8, and 6, and in the criterion of the efficiency of relief delivery in times of crisis, the importance of the regions in the order of regions 5, 3, 7, 2, 1, 4, 6, and 8. In the general vulnerability, the priority of attention is the areas 3, 7, 5, 4, 2, 1, 8, and 6. Considering the obtained results, finally, 6 general policies and 27 operational plans have been presented to reduce the vulnerability of Kermanshader City due to earthquakes.