Examining the Position and Role of Mulla Sadra and Some of his Students in the Philosophizing of Shia Theology

The situation in Iran at the end of the 8th century of Hijri was accompanied by events that had an impact on the cultural and intellectual issues of that time. With the establishment of the Safavid government, Shiism was declared as the official religion and entered the social currents, and Shiite scholars and intellectuals also came out of the passive state. With the introduction of rational thought into these currents, new opinions emerged among sages and theologians. In the tenth century, divine wisdom faced fundamental changes, and Islamic philosophy, which was based on Shia teachings, was created by Mulla Sadra and inspired by the thoughts of mystics. And the previous sages entered a new era. By introducing new issues in philosophy, Mulla Sadra founded a new school called Hekmat al-Mota'aliyeh, and with this school, the process of making the intellect legitimate was put on a new path and ended the differences between rationalists and esotericists about religion. Mulla Sadra resolved disputes with a new style. Using his philosophical method, he tried to explain, consolidate and defend beliefs and created a kind of philosophical discourse, and in this way, using the reasoning methods of Masha, the personal experiences of mystics, and with new interpretations of the verses of the Qur'an and the foundations of belief. He was able to create a new way of philosophical theology, that is, philosophical theology, after him, his students continued this path. And each of them played an important role in the flourishing of Mulla Sadra's philosophical theology. This research, while examining different approaches and periods of theological science, has pointed out the important position of Mulla Sadra in bringing this approach to its peak and explained this problem with a descriptive-analytical method