The conceptual linguistic analysis of Surah Ghafar, using the approach of orientational metaphor "up and down" by Lakoff and Johnson (with an emphasis on image schemas)

Image schemas are one of the ways to understand the meaning and abstract concepts in the linguistic field, based on conceptual metaphor. The linguistic approach of conceptual metaphor is one of the new approaches in linguistics. The Holy Quran is fraught with abstract concepts. Therefore, the present research is conducted by examining the up and down image schemas in Surah Ghafar to explain the mutual meanings of monotheism, disbelief and polytheism, which based on the linguistic approach, in a descriptive analytical method provides the image of abstract concepts objectively. The results of the research indicate that the up and down orientational schema is used in most of the examples of the verses of Surah Ghafar along with the force schema. The words "Tanzil", "Al-Qi", "Dahz", "Haqq", "Ali", "Al-Ali", "Sama" are the focus of orientational metaphors "power is high". The results of this descriptive and analytical research indicate that "power is high", is the most used metaphor in depicting "God is high". Accordingly, God as the absolute power and the source of material and spiritual blessings is "up", and everything except for God is "down". Therefore, man is forced to reach the source of goodness and salvation and escape from divine punishment towards the above and the ascending line, because "power is high".