Optimizing Canopies in Creating Environmental Comfort in Office Buildings (Tehran Case Study)

Natural light is widely available throughout Iran, suited to its climate. Solar Energy is one of its byproducts. Given the crises experienced in recent years during summer and winter due to the use of cooling and heating systems and the high energy demand year-round, it is advisable to prioritize this energy source. In recent years, extensive research has been carried out in the field of solar energy, leading to the proposal of various solutions for utilizing solar energy. Researchers have generally categorized solar energy into passive and non-passive forms. The solar energy entering a building through clear windows is known as passive solar energy. However, this energy has its drawbacks, one of which is visual discomfort, referred to as glare. Glare is particularly problematic in office and educational settings, disrupting the comfort of those within. It is often observed on glossy surfaces and computer screens, significantly impacting employee efficiency in office environments. To address this issue, a simulated office building was used for investigation, focusing on the city of Abadan due to its high sunlight exposure. The article explores various solutions to control glare, including optimizing openings, using canopies, and creating optical shelves. Specifically, it delves into the optimization of canopies, with a focus on two types of awnings. Awnings play a significant role in reducing sunlight penetration, and their design aspects such as depth, materials, and angle position influence their effectiveness. The study aims to evaluate the performance of canopies in creating a comfortable office environment, considering the multifaceted aspects of natural light, including psychological, economic, and energy-related factors. The research methodology involves simulation, with both quantitative and qualitative data analyzed. The simulation environment features an office space with four occupants, considering their heat emission for a comprehensive assessment of comfort. The study also specifies the dimensions and light requirements of the office space, emphasizing the significance of natural light in building design. The findings highlight the superiority of composite canopies over horizontal ones, demonstrating a notable reduction in energy loss of nearly 1.5%.