Comparative Study of Phenomenological Critique of the Liberal Approach to Human Rights

This article examines the relationship between human rights and the concept of other with a phenomenological approach through the interpretation and description of the importance of the concept  of other in human rights philosophy to provide an introduction to the critique of the liberal approach to human rights. The starting point of this research is by examining the concept of orther in the minds of phenomenological thinkers such as Hegel, Sartre, Husserl and Heidegger. He then examines this concept and its relationship to human rights in the thought of Emmanuel Levine and Robert Bernasconi to provide a critique of the liberal approach to human rights. Although Locke and his followers begin with an abstract and isolated individual outside of society, for the phenomenologist, the starting point is a concrete existence (human existence at the heart of reality). Phenomenology is not based on artificial and constructive intellectual experiences, such as the natural state or social contract, but on the knowledge that no human will be perfect without the constant help of others, including previous generations, and that my emotional and spiritual conflict with them is individual. It starts with a part or part of me and I am a part or part of them. The impossibility of separating me from anyone else makes any attempt to explain the rights or thoughts about the decisions that a person may make, regardless of the society in which you live, meaningless.