Systematic review on comparative outcomes in cell-based regeneration techniques vs. traditional techniques in osseointegration of implants in total knee arthroplasty

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), a proven and cost-effective orthopedic surgical technique, consistently reduces preoperative morbidity, enhances functional capacity, and alleviates pain in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

The aim of this study was to compare cell-based and traditional techniques in Osseointegration in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The literature search was conducted, across various electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted from 2001 to 2022, aiming to identify studies related to TKA and the various techniques employed in the procedure. Articles were screened based on the relevance to cell-based and traditional Osseointegration techniques, focusing on extracting information related to outcomes and complications.

We included 11 studies in the study, employing the Cochrane 'Risk of Bias tool' to assess bias in randomized trials across five domains. The majority of articles demonstrated low risk (56.36%), signifying reliability, while 'Unclear' studies (32.73%) had some ambiguity without invalidating results. Studies classified as 'High risk' (10.91%) indicated substantial bias and potential errors. Our findings suggest that cell-based techniques are efficient for the treatment of TKA.

Osseointegration presents significant advantages in terms of function and pain relief for patients willing to accept associated risks. Cell-based techniques have proven effective in preventing the need for revision in TKA, demonstrating long-term effects.