Introducing and Reviewing the Executive and Symbolic Elements of Ashura Rituals in Estahban City with an Emphasis on Chak–Chako, Charcho and Sine–Dori as Three Rituals

Abstract
Ashura rituals in Iran are very old, and much has been said about cultural and historical contents and roots of these rituals. But what necessitates studying these national rituals is the folkloric characteristics and capacities of each region, which combines the ritual with a particular taste, culture, and geography, and gives it unique indigenous identity. Estahban City is one of the thousands of regions in Iran that has a long history in the field of Ashura mourning rituals. Among these rituals, “Chak–Chako”, “Charcho” and “Sine–Dori” have extreme ritual importance and function in this city. The present research seeks to answer this question that what visual capacities and theatrical aspects do Ashura rituals of Estahban have, emphasizing three above-mentioned rituals? The results indicate that the most important dramatic and executive aspects of these rituals are manifested in the group and rhythmic order and coordination of the participants which evoke a kind of ethnic and social solidarity.